Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Water & heat
Food tests
Practice
Monosaccharides
Join two — condensation & hydrolysis
Polysaccharides
glucose + glucose → maltose
glucose + fructose → sucrose
galactose + glucose → lactose
condensation — water out
hydrolysis — water in
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen
Cellulose
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
saturated fatty acids — no C=C
unsaturated — a C=C kink
Drop the phospholipids into water
Amino acids & the peptide bond
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
first amino acid
glycine (Gly)
alanine (Ala)
valine (Val)
leucine (Leu)
isoleucine (Ile)
methionine (Met)
phenylalanine (Phe)
tryptophan (Trp)
proline (Pro)
serine (Ser)
threonine (Thr)
cysteine (Cys)
tyrosine (Tyr)
asparagine (Asn)
glutamine (Gln)
lysine (Lys)
arginine (Arg)
histidine (His)
aspartate (Asp)
glutamate (Glu)
second amino acid
glycine (Gly)
alanine (Ala)
valine (Val)
leucine (Leu)
isoleucine (Ile)
methionine (Met)
phenylalanine (Phe)
tryptophan (Trp)
proline (Pro)
serine (Ser)
threonine (Thr)
cysteine (Cys)
tyrosine (Tyr)
asparagine (Asn)
glutamine (Gln)
lysine (Lys)
arginine (Arg)
histidine (His)
aspartate (Asp)
glutamate (Glu)
condensation — water out
hydrolysis — water in
α-helix
β-pleated sheet
haemoglobin — globular
collagen — fibrous
heat it — temperature
20 °C
one heater under both — power
600 W
mass of each sample
50 g
glucose solution
starch suspension
egg white
vegetable oil
sucrose solution
milk
an unknown
Benedict’s + heat
iodine
biuret
emulsion
non-reducing sugar sequence
glucose concentration of the sample
1.0 %
Record this result
Clear the notebook
New unknown
Which molecules are in the unknown?
Run the tests, click every one you found, then check.
reducing sugar
starch
protein
lipid
non-reducing sugar
Check the unknown
sample
test
observation
conclusion
Nothing recorded yet — pick a sample and a test, press play, then record the result.
carbohydrates — one ring, one bond, one water
slide the power, then press play
1
—
Check
Hint
Start again
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How to think about it
Common mistakes