Xylem & the transpiration stream
Potometer
Stomata
Phloem & mass flow
Practice
Apoplast route — along the cell walls
Symplast route — through the cytoplasm
stomata open — the transpiration pull
100 %
humidity of the air outside the leaf
50 % RH
cohesion — hydrogen bonds between the water molecules
adhesion — water clinging to the vessel wall
cut the column — an air embolism in the vessel
light
50 %
temperature
20 °C
wind
still air
humidity
50 % RH
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temp
wind
humidity
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light (and low CO
2
inside the leaf) — drives K
+
uptake
50 %
abscisic acid (ABA) — water stress: K
+
leaves and the stomata close
Lower epidermis
Upper epidermis
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sucrose loading at the source — active transport
50 %
aphid stylet — sap under pressure exudes from a cut stylet
ringing — a ring of bark (with the phloem) removed
the transpiration stream — pulled from the top, not pushed from the bottom
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