February/March 2026 Paper 22

2026 · 4 questions · 39 parts · 60 marks

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2(a)(i)Covalent BondingEasy1 mark
Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is an atmospheric pollutant.
Figure 2.1, the dot-and-cross diagram of NO: two overlapping circles labelled N (left) and O (right). N's circle carries three crosses outside the overlap: a single lone cross at the top-left, representing the molecule's unpaired electron, and a pair of two crosses together at the bottom-left, a lone pair; O's circle carries four dots outside the overlap, grouped as two lone pairs on the right. The shared overlap region carries two crosses and two dots, alternating cross-dot-cross-dot from top to bottom, showing the two bonding pairs (the sigma and pi bonds) between N and O, each pair made of one electron from N (a cross) and one from O (a dot).
NO has an unpaired electron. State the term for a molecule with an unpaired electron.
2(a)(ii)Molecular Shape PolarityMedium1 mark
In NO, the N and O atoms are bonded by a sigma () and a pi () bond. Complete Figure 2.2 to show the pi bond in NO that is formed from orbital overlap.
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2(b)Gas LawsHard4 marks
In the laboratory, NO is made in the reaction of copper metal with dilute nitric acid. The reaction is kept cold to prevent the oxidation of NO.
A student reacts 0.00393 mol Cu with excess dilute HNO(aq) at and 101 kPa. Calculate the maximum volume, in cm, of NO(g) that is produced under these conditions.
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2(c)(i)Atmospheric Chemistry Air PollutionEasy1 mark
State a natural process that creates atmospheric NO.
2(c)(ii)Atmospheric Chemistry Air PollutionEasy1 mark
Photochemical smog forms when NO reacts with unburned hydrocarbons. Identify the major component of photochemical smog.
2(c)(iii)CatalysisMedium2 marks
NO has a catalytic role in the oxidation of atmospheric SO. Show, using relevant equations, the catalytic role that NO has in this oxidation.

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2(d)(i)Enthalpy Changes Energy Profiles CalorimetryMedium2 marks
Reaction 1 occurs during the catalytic removal of NO from car exhaust gases.
The activation energy, , of this reaction is 570 kJ mol. Complete Figure 2.3 to sketch the energy profile for reaction 1. Show the enthalpy change, , and the activation energy, .
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2(d)(ii)CatalysisEasy1 mark
On your diagram in Figure 2.3, show how the addition of a catalyst affects reaction 1.
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