May/June 2026 Paper 22

2026 · 6 questions · 40 parts · 60 marks

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4(a)(i)AlcoholsEasy1 mark

Figure 4.1 shows two reactions of compound D.

Figure 4.1, a reaction scheme for compound D, whose full carbon skeleton is hidden and shown only as a cross-shaped placeholder ending in the stated group: on the left, compound E (placeholder ending in 'Cl') is reached from D by a left-pointing arrow labelled 'reagent G'; on the right, a second arrow labelled 'Al₂O₃ + heat' leads from D (placeholder ending in 'OH') to an empty box labelled 'F', where compound F's structure is drawn.

D reacts with a single reagent, G, to produce compound E. Identify reagent G.

Answer

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4(a)(ii)AlcoholsEasy1 mark

D is heated with Al

_{2}

_{3}

to produce organic compound F. Identify the role of Al

_{2}

_{3}

in this reaction.

Answer

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4(a)(iii)AlcoholsEasy1 mark

Draw the structure of F in Figure 4.1.

Draw with the mouse or a finger.

4(b)(i)AlcoholsEasy1 mark

The structure of compound X is shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2, the skeletal structure of compound X: a chain starts at 'HOCH₂' (top left), bonds down to an unlabelled CH₂ vertex, then to a central carbon; that central carbon carries three further branches — 'CH₂OH' (upper right), '–OH' (right, attached directly to the central carbon), and 'CH₂OH' (below) — so the central carbon is bonded to the CH₂ group leading back to the HOCH₂ chain and to three oxygen-bearing groups (two CH₂OH arms and one OH).

The molecular formula of X is C

_{5}

_{12}

_{4}

. Complete oxidation of 0.255 g of X occurs when it reacts with exactly 10.0 cm

^{3}

of 0.500 mol dm

^{- 3}

acidified K

_{2}

_{2}

_{7}

(aq). Describe the colour change in this reaction.

Colour of the mixture at the start, then after, the reaction

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4(b)(ii)Concentration Solutions Titration CalculationsEasy1 mark

Calculate the amount, in mol, of K

_{2}

_{2}

_{7}

(aq) used in the reaction.

4(b)(iii)Relative Masses MoleEasy1 mark

Calculate the amount, in mol, of X present in the 0.255 g sample.

4(c)(i)Oxidation Reduction Redox EquationsMedium2 marks

Compounds X and W are a pair of structural isomers. 0.0012 mol of W is completely oxidised when it is heated under reflux with exactly 0.0020 mol of acidified K

_{2}

_{2}

_{7}

(aq) to produce compound Z. Complete the equation for this reaction.

3 C_{5} H_{12} O_{4} + ..... C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} + ..... H^{+} \to 3 C_{5} H_{6} O_{6} + ..... C r^{3 +} + ..... H_{2} O

Coefficient of Cr

_{2}

_{7}^{2 -}

Coefficients of H

^{+}

, Cr

^{3 +}

and H

_{2}

O, in order

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4(c)(ii)AlcoholsMedium2 marks

Each molecule of W contains four hydroxyl groups. Only two of these are primary hydroxyl groups. Table 4.1 shows the observations when separate samples of Z are added to each reagent.

Table 4.1

reagent	observations with Z
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH)	orange precipitate
Fehling's reagent	none

Use the information in 4(c) to suggest the structure of W.

Draw with the mouse or a finger.