May/June 2026 Paper 41

2026 · 10 questions · 33 parts · 100 marks

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9(a)Atp Metabolic PathwaysEasy2 marks
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used by organisms as an immediate source of energy. List two anabolic reactions in cells that need ATP.

Answer

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9(b)(i)Atp Metabolic PathwaysMedium2 marks
Figure 9.1 shows three stages in the life cycle of a marine invertebrate, the jellyfish Aurelia aurita.
Figure 9.1, a life-cycle diagram (not to scale) of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita, showing three stages joined by arrows in a cycle: the adult jellyfish (a bell shape with trailing arms) produces a planula larva that drifts in the ocean current, which develops into a polyp attached to the seabed, which in turn develops back into the adult jellyfish.
Suggest why the adult jellyfish needs more ATP than the other life cycle stages.

Answer

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9(b)(ii)Atp Metabolic PathwaysEasy2 marks
State two ways in which ATP can be synthesised in cells, such as those in Aurelia aurita.

Two answers required.

Context for 9(c)
The respiratory quotient (RQ) can identify the respiratory substrate that is being used to synthesise ATP in an organism. A respirometer can be used to calculate the RQ. Table 9.1 shows the volumes of oxygen used and carbon dioxide produced when three different types of substrate are respired.
Table 9.1
respiratory substratevolume of oxygen used / cmvolume of carbon dioxide produced / cm
A830830
B20201430
C970780
9(c)(i)Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron TransportMedium2 marks
Use Table 9.1 to calculate the RQ for respiratory substrate B. Give your answer to two significant figures.
RQ
9(c)(ii)Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron TransportEasy1 mark
With reference to Table 9.1, state the letter of the respiratory substrate that is a carbohydrate such as glucose.