February/March 2026 Paper 12

2026 · 40 questions · 40 parts · 40 marks

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6Covalent BondingHard1 mark
Which dot-and-cross diagram is correct for AlCl?
four dot-and-cross diagrams for Al2Cl6 labelled A-D, plus a key. A: separate ions, 2[Al]3+ (each Al ringed by eight crosses despite the 3+ charge) and 6[Cl]- (each Cl ringed by eight electrons: seven circles and one cross). B: two Al atoms bonded directly to each other at the centre (that bond drawn with two crosses only, both from Al, no circle), each Al also carrying three separate terminal Cl atoms (above, below and outside); every Al-Cl bond is drawn with one cross and one circle, but no Cl atom actually bridges the two Al atoms. C: a dimer of two Al atoms genuinely bridged, in a staggered arrangement, by two Cl atoms, with two further terminal Cl atoms on each Al; every Al-Cl bond, including both bonds of each bridging Cl, is drawn with one cross and one circle, the same as an ordinary covalent bond. D: the same bridged dimer shape as C; each bridging Cl forms one bond with one cross and one circle to one Al, and a second bond to the other Al drawn with two circles only, showing Cl donating both electrons of a lone pair (a dative bond). Key: a cross marks an electron from Al, a circle marks an electron from Cl.