1(a)Diffusion Osmosis Membrane TransportEasy1 mark
Substances travel across cell membranes.
State the name of the type of movement across membranes that uses protein carriers.
May/June 2026 Paper 41
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1(b)(i)Diffusion Osmosis Membrane TransportMedium3 marks
A student investigated the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the time taken for hydrochloric acid to move through cubes of agar jelly.
The student used four differently sized cubes of agar jelly, A, B, C and D.
The cubes contained universal indicator that changed colour from green to red at low pH values.
The cubes were immersed in hydrochloric acid.
The student recorded the time taken for each cube to become completely red.
Table 1.1 shows the results.
| cube | surface area : volume ratio | time taken for the cube to become completely red / s |
|---|---|---|
| A | 6 : 1 | 15.2 |
| B | 3 : 1 | 28.5 |
| C | 2 : 1 | 43.0 |
| D | 1.5 : 1 | 57.8 |
Describe and explain the results shown in Table 1.1.
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1(b)(ii)Diffusion Osmosis Membrane TransportMedium3 marks
The investigation was repeated at a higher temperature.
Predict and explain the effect of this on the results.
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1(c)Diffusion Osmosis Membrane TransportHard6 marks
A sample of plant tissue was immersed in a highly concentrated salt solution. Another sample of plant tissue was immersed in distilled water.
Describe and explain the expected appearance of the cells in the two samples of plant tissue after 60 minutes of immersion.
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