A polyculture is a farming system which involves planting several different types of crop plants in the same area. The numbers of different species of pollinator were counted in a polyculture and in a monoculture. Table 5.1 shows the results.

Table 5.1

type of crop plant farming system	number of crop plant species	number of different species of pollinator
polyculture	3	90
monoculture	1	57

5(a)(i)Classification Nomenclature Taxonomic KeysEasy2 marks

Describe what is meant by the term species.

5(a)(ii)Food Production AgricultureMedium3 marks

Using the information in Table. 5.1, suggest the advantages to the environment of polyculture farming compared to monoculture farming.

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5(b)(i)Artificial Selection Selective BreedingMedium4 marks

Crop plants have been bred to increase yield. Complete the sentences to describe this process. Humans select crop plants that have the largest yield.

The pollen from these plants is taken and rubbed onto the of other plants of the same species. The of these plants are then observed and the ones with the highest yields are then selected and bred together. This is repeated for many , until all the plants produced have a high yield. This process is called .

5(b)(ii)Food Production AgricultureEasy1 mark

Describe how herbicides can increase the yield of crop plants.

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5(c)Climate Change Ecosystem ChangeHard4 marks

One consequence of farming can be deforestation. Explain how deforestation can contribute to climate change.

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