A student investigated the effect of salt solution concentration on some plant cells. The student immersed cells from one onion plant in two different concentrations of salt solution, labelled A and B. Figure 5.1 shows photomicrographs of the plant cells one hour after being placed in the different salt solutions.

Figure 5.1, photomicrographs of onion cells one hour after being placed in the salt solutions: in solution A the cells are full and pressed tightly against each other; in solution B the contents of each cell have shrunk into a dark rounded mass pulled away from the cell wall

Explain the appearance of the plant cells shown in Figure 5.1. cells in solution A cells in solution B

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5(b)(i)Mitosis Cell CycleMedium3 marks

Describe the roles of mitosis in a root.

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5(b)(ii)Stem Cells DifferentiationEasy1 mark

Roots contain stem cells. Suggest the role of stem cells in a root.

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5(b)(iii)Plant Mineral NutritionEasy1 mark

Roots absorb magnesium ions from the soil. State the name of the substance that contains magnesium ions in a palisade mesophyll cell.

5(b)(iv)Plant Mineral NutritionMedium3 marks

Explain how mineral ions are absorbed by roots.

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