February/March 2026 Paper 22

2026 · 6 questions · 26 parts · 60 marks

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1(a)Cell Structure OrganellesMedium3 marks
Show which features are found in typical animal cells and which features are found in typical plant cells.
80S ribosomes in the cytoplasm
cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
large permanent vacuole
1(b)(i)Plant Structure TransportHard5 marks
Figure 1.1 is a diagram representing cells in phloem tissue in a mature leaf.
Figure 1.1, a diagram of cells in phloem tissue in a mature leaf: a narrow phloem sieve tube element, with a sieve plate (a row of small pores) at its top, runs alongside a broader companion cell labelled cell A; cell A contains a large oval nucleus, several small mitochondria, and short dotted wavy lines crossing its shared wall with the sieve tube element at three points, representing plasmodesmata connecting the two cells
Figure 1.2 is a diagram representing part of the cell surface membrane of cell A.
Figure 1.2, a section of the cell surface membrane of cell A drawn as a phospholipid bilayer with three integral proteins spanning it: an unlabelled goblet-shaped protein on the left, a shaded, roughly rectangular proton pump in the centre, and a second goblet-shaped cotransporter protein on the right
Describe and explain how the structure of cell A is related to its function in transporting sucrose into the phloem sieve tube element. In your answer, refer only to structures that are visible in Figure 1.1 or Figure 1.2 or both.

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1(b)(ii)Plant Structure TransportHard4 marks
Explain how sucrose that enters the phloem sieve tube element from cell A is transported to a sink.

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