There is no vaccine to provide protection from infection by HIV. Suggest why it has been difficult to develop a vaccine to provide protection from infection by HIV.

Answer

0 words

2(b)(i)Maths Skills BiologyMedium1 mark

Figure 2.1 shows how the number of new cases of HIV across the world changed between 1990 and 2022. In 2015, the United Nations set a target to reduce the number of new cases of HIV as part of the programme to control HIV infection. This target is 0.18 million by 2030.

Figure 2.1, a line graph of the number of new cases of HIV each year, in millions, from 1990 to 2022, rising from about 2.1 million in 1990 to a peak of about 2.8 million in the mid-1990s, then falling steadily to about 1.2 million by 2022, with the 2030 target of 0.18 million marked with a cross on the year axis

Calculate the percentage decrease in the number of new cases of HIV from 2022 that will be needed to reach the target for 2030.

Percentage decrease

2(b)(ii)Disease Transmission Public HealthMedium2 marks

Table 2.1 lists two of the aims set by health authorities to reduce the number of new cases of HIV. Complete Table 2.1 by suggesting ways in which health authorities can achieve these aims.

Aim	Response
To reduce the risk of HIV infection during blood transfusions	Table answer row1_Response 0 words
To reduce the risk of new-born babies being infected with HIV	Table answer row2_Response 0 words