May/June 2026 Paper 21

2026 · 6 questions · 27 parts · 60 marks

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1(a)(i)1(a)(ii)1(a)(iii)1(b)

–/8 mks

2(a)(i)2(a)(ii)2(b)(i)2(b)(ii)

–/7 mks

3(a)(i)3(a)(ii)3(a)(iii)3(b)(i)3(b)(ii)3(b)(iii)

–/17 mks

4(a)(i)4(a)(ii)4(a)(iii)4(b)4(c)

–/11 mks

5(a)5(b)5(c)(i)5(c)(ii)

–/11 mks

6(a)6(b)6(c)6(d)

–/6 mks

4(a)(i)Heart CirculationMedium3 marks

A student investigated the structure of muscular arteries.

Figure 4.1 is a photomicrograph of a transverse section (TS) of a muscular artery and surrounding tissue.

Figure 4.1, a photomicrograph at ×120 magnification of a transverse section of a muscular artery and surrounding tissue, with a box marking the area enlarged in Figure 4.2

Figure 4.2 is a photomicrograph of part of a TS of the muscular artery as indicated in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.2, a photomicrograph at ×750 magnification of part of the wall of the muscular artery shown in Figure 4.1, with three regions labelled: P (the innermost, folded layer next to the blood cells), Q (a thick middle layer of muscle fibres) and R (the outermost, fibrous layer)

Identify the main component of each of the regions P, Q and R shown in Figure 4.2.

Region	Response
P	Table answer rowP_Response
Q	Table answer rowQ_Response
R	Table answer rowR_Response

4(a)(ii)Heart CirculationMedium3 marks

Explain how the structure of the muscular artery shown in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 is related to its function.

Answer

0 words

4(a)(iii)Heart CirculationMedium2 marks

Describe how the appearance of a TS through the aorta of a mammal differs from the appearance of the TS of the muscular artery shown in Figure 4.1.

Answer

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4(b)Immune System DefencesMedium2 marks

The student did not observe any neutrophils or lymphocytes in the blood in the centre of the section shown in Figure 4.1.

Draw a neutrophil and a lymphocyte, as seen in a sample of mammalian blood that has been stained to show nuclei. Do not add any labels.

Draw with the mouse or a finger.

4(c)Gas ExchangeEasy1 mark

The student also investigated transverse sections of lung tissue. State one feature of the wall of a bronchus that is not found in the wall of an artery in lung tissue.

Answer

0 words