Parakaryon myojinensis is a single-celled organism. The species was discovered in 2012. P. myojinensis is unusual because it has features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It also has features that are not present in prokaryotes or in eukaryotes. Figure 2.1 shows a diagram of P. myojinensis.

Figure 2.1, a diagram of the cell of Parakaryon myojinensis, showing an outer cell wall and cell surface membrane enclosing the cytoplasm, a large irregularly shaped nucleus bounded by a single nuclear membrane, two circular endosymbionts, and scattered dots labelled ribosomes; a $2\,\mu\text{m}$ scale bar is shown.

The endosymbionts present in the cell of P. myojinensis are organisms that can be present inside some prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells. State one difference, other than the presence of a nucleus and endosymbionts, between the P. myojinensis cell shown in Figure 2.1 and a typical prokaryotic cell.

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2(a)(ii)Cell Structure OrganellesEasy2 marks

State the differences between the P. myojinensis cell in Figure 2.1 and a typical eukaryotic cell.

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2(a)(iii)Cell Structure OrganellesMedium2 marks

Chemical analysis of the cell wall of P. myojinensis could provide information about how this organism compares with prokaryotes and with eukaryotes. Suggest how the results of this chemical analysis may show how this organism compares with prokaryotes and with eukaryotes.

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2(b)Microscopy MagnificationEasy2 marks

Outline how the actual length of a cell of P. myojinensis can be determined using a light microscope, a stage micrometer and an eyepiece graticule.

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