May/June 2026 Paper 23

2026 · 6 questions · 25 parts · 60 marks

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5(a)Heart CirculationMedium2 marks
The diagrams in Figure 5.1 represent three types of circulatory system, G, H and J, found in animals.
Figure 5.1, three circulatory systems, G, H and J. G is a single loop connecting the heart directly to the body. H is a figure-of-eight circuit in which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart, then from the heart to the body and back to the heart. J is a single loop in which blood flows from the heart to the lungs, then to the body, and back to the heart without re-entering the heart between the lungs and the body.
State which of the letters, G, H or J, in Figure 5.1 represents the circulatory system found in mammals. Give two reasons for your choice.
Letter, and two reasons for your choice
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5(b)Blood Clotting Oxygen TransportHard4 marks
In mammals, water and some dissolved substances move from the blood in capillaries into tissue fluid. Describe and explain the formation of tissue fluid in a capillary network.

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5(c)Plant Structure TransportHard5 marks
Water takes different pathways from the soil to the xylem in plants. Describe the different pathways taken by water from the soil to the xylem.

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