May/June 2026 Paper 23

2026 · 6 questions · 25 parts · 60 marks

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6(a)Enzymes Enzyme KineticsMedium3 marks
DNA replication occurs in interphase during the cell cycle. DNA ligase is involved in DNA replication. Figure 6.1 shows a diagram of DNA ligase.
Figure 6.1, an irregularly shaped outline of the DNA ligase enzyme with a cleft in its surface labelled P, where the substrate binds.
The site labelled P in Figure 6.1 is where the substrate binds. With reference to the mode of action of enzymes, explain how DNA ligase allows successful DNA replication to occur.

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6(b)Mitosis Cell CycleHard4 marks
State the phases that occur in interphase and outline the events that occur in each phase.

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6(c)(i)Mitosis Cell CycleMedium1 mark
Mitosis occurs after interphase in the cell cycle. Figure 6.2 shows plant cells in stages of mitosis.
Figure 6.2, a photomicrograph of plant cells at different stages of mitosis, with one cell showing chromosomes clustered together at the cell's centre labelled Q, and another cell showing two separated groups of chromatin with a division line forming between them labelled R.
Name the stage of mitosis that is occurring in the cell labelled Q in Figure 6.2.
6(c)(ii)Mitosis Cell CycleMedium1 mark
State the process that is happening at the region labelled R in Figure 6.2.

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