May/June 2026 Paper 43

2026 · 10 questions · 31 parts · 100 marks

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1(a)Neurones Synapses Neural SignallingMedium4 marks
Figure 1.1 is a diagram of a neuromuscular junction.
Figure 1.1, a diagram of a neuromuscular junction: two branching nerve fibres (one labelled A) lead into the presynaptic axon terminal, which contains a mitochondrion labelled B and a cluster of small circular synaptic vesicles, with the leader line from F pointing into the vesicle cluster; a second, separate mitochondrion labelled E sits outside the terminal, above the membrane on the left; C labels the folded (postsynaptic) membrane immediately below the terminal; D labels the underlying muscle fibre, drawn with vertical cross-striations.
Use the letters A–F in Figure 1.1 to identify each structure described below.
A structure that contains a neurotransmitter
A structure where the Krebs cycle occurs
A structure that depolarises when a neurotransmitter binds to its receptors
A structure that contains troponin
1(b)Hormones Endocrine SystemHard5 marks
In mammals, control and coordination is provided by the nervous system and the endocrine system. One role of the endocrine system is to allow the body to exercise for an extended time, such as running continuously for an hour. Explain the importance of the endocrine system when a mammal runs continuously for an hour.

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