May/June 2026 Paper 43

2026 · 10 questions · 31 parts · 100 marks

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7(a)Conservation Endangered SpeciesMedium3 marks
The ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta, is a primate that is found only on the island of Madagascar. Figure 7.1 shows a ring-tailed lemur.
Figure 7.1, a photograph of a ring-tailed lemur sitting on a large rock, looking toward the camera, with its long, black-and-white ringed tail trailing down the rock face; bare branches and rocks are visible in the background.
Ring-tailed lemurs are classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species™. There are approximately 2000 ring-tailed lemurs in the wild in Madagascar.
Suggest reasons why the ring-tailed lemur has become endangered.

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7(b)Conservation Endangered SpeciesHard4 marks
Zoos have a role in protecting endangered species. Outline the methods of assisted reproduction used by zoos in the conservation of endangered mammals such as the ring‑tailed lemur.

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7(c)(i)Sampling FieldworkEasy2 marks
One important food source for the ring-tailed lemur is the hissing cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa. The hissing cockroach is a large, flightless insect that lives on forest floors in Madagascar.
The mark-release-recapture method was used to estimate the size of a population of the hissing cockroach.
  • 33 cockroaches were trapped, marked and released.
  • A few days later 46 cockroaches were trapped, of which 9 were marked.
The Lincoln index is used to estimate the size of a population. The formula for the Lincoln index is:
estimate of population size
number of individuals captured in the first sample
number of individuals (both marked and unmarked) captured in the second sample
number of marked individuals recaptured in the second sample
Use the Lincoln index to estimate the size of this population of hissing cockroaches. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Estimate of size of population
7(c)(ii)Sampling FieldworkMedium3 marks
Suggest why the mark‑release‑recapture method is a suitable method to use when estimating the population size of the hissing cockroach.

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